Combined recall for end-of-line justifying typewriters



Dec. 20, 1955 P. LEGLISE 2,727,615

COMBINED RECALL FOR END-OF -LINE JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITERS Filed Dec. 19, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR PW, 1&3521;

. 7s 7r iXX BY 51 g 3 ATTOR NEY Dec. 20, 1955 P. LEGL'ISE 2,727,615

COMBINED RECALL FOR END-OF-LINE JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITERS Filed Dec. 19, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Ema/- Zyfibb ATTOR NEY P. LEGLISE Dec. 20, 1955 COMBINED RECALL FOR END-OF-LINE JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITERS Filed Dec.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ATTORNEY United States Patent COIVIBINED RECALL FOR END-OF-LINE JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITERS Pierre Lglise, Paris, France Application December 19, 1952, Serial No. 326,999 11 Claims. (Cl. 197-84) The present invention is directed to end-of-line justifying typewriters, more particularly tothe combined return of the rack towards the left and the parts of the justifier to rest position. The present application is related to the various end-of-line justifying typewriters as described in the applications for U. S. patents below:

Application filed March 15, 1951, Serial No. 215,748, under the title: Process and Apparatus for'Justifying Typewritten Material, now Patent No. 2,696,382.

Application filed July 9, 1952, Serial No. 297,939, under the title: End-of-Line Justifying Typewriter, now Patent No. 2,705,554.

In an ordinary typewriter, the carriage, the platen and the rack form an ensemble, shifting character by character on the frame. In end-of-line justifying typewriters, the ensemble in question is arranged in two parts, one of which, the part regarded as fixed (hereafter called: reference-part) continues to shift character by character, whilst the other, although moving with the said part, can moreover slide in relation to it in both directions. The reference-part having necessarily to comprise the rack, two combinations are possible: either the carriage-platen block slides in relation to the rack which forms in itself the reference-part, or else the platen slides in relation to the carriage-rack bloc The two parts of the system with relative slidings (hereafter called: relative-sliding system) thus constituted on the typewriter are connected by the end-of-line justifier which locks them together so long as it is not itself put into motion by a certain piece of the frame, a piece the longitudinal position of which is adjusted, at the beginning of the work, in relation to the width required for the right hand margin. After this setting into action, the relatively mobile part, which until then strictly followed the reference-part to give a normal typing, advances or retards in relation to the said part by the small amounts necessary to the expansion or contraction of the terminal segments, under the control of the end-of-line justifier set to this effect for each line.

Certain types of end-of-line justifiers comprise, among other elements, a touching member actuated by a ramp of the frame. Others comprise a rectilinear member, known as justifying lever, pivotedon one of the parts of the relative-sliding system. There exist also typewriters with a justifying the present invention does not concern them.

The member of the justifier (touching member or justifying lever) intended to be actuated, as from the beginning of justification only, by the piece of the frame (ramp or stop) the position of which is initially adjustableon the frame, must constantly tend to resume the rest or inoperative position which it occupies during the normal typings preceding the justifications. The recall or return towards lever pivoting on the frame, but

question, the typewriter can become blocked in the course of just cation. One of the objects of the invention consists in eliminating the possibility of such a blocking.

It can also happen, in typewriters with a justifying lever pivoting on one of the parts of the relative-sliding system, that the sliding part oscillates onto the reference-part, entailing an uneven spacing of the characters as well as swingings of the justifying lever. The invention has also the object of eliminating the oscillations and swingings in question.

ence-part, or through on the same element of the drawband onto inafter called drawband combined effects of both reactions.

Similarly, when the member of the justifier causing the relative slidings is a touching member moving along its simultaneously the reference-part towards the left through again separately or jointly, of the reactions which the sald touching member so recalled, the drawband guiding means, exercise on the element of the justifier integral with the said reference-part.

The above principle of a combined recall can be put justifiers which may one or the other of these justifying typewriters. This is Why a definite end-of-line justifying typewriter, taken as example, will be first described. In this typewriter, such in accordance with the above applications for patents, i. e. without a combined (a) the reference-part of the relative-sliding system will These descriptions will be made with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 represents in plan view the part of the end-ofline justifier integral with the rack, in the typewriter with justifying lever, and not provided with the combined recall, taken as an example;

Fig. 2 represents in plan view the part of the justifier I integral with the carriage;

Fig. 3 represents in plan view the assembled justifier in course of functioning;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3, certain detail parts being omitted for clarity;-

Fig. 5 is an end view of the justifier mounted on the right end plate of the typewriter carriage;

Figs. 6 to 9 are diagrammatic views showing the oscillations likely to occur in a carriage-rack system with relative sliding;

Fig. 10 illustrates diagrammatically the principle of combined recall;

Fig. 11 shows in perspective the changes in plan and direction which a draw-cable must usually undergo in order to attach itself to a justifying lever;

Figs. 12 and 13, the second reproducing in perspective a portion of the first, show, in comparison with Fig. 1 the transformations which a definite mode of installing the combined recall entails;

Figs. 14 and 15 show, respectively in plan and in elevation, a form of .idler roller;

Fig. 16 is a modification of Fig. 12;

Fig. 17 shows diagrammatically a form of the combined recall, in which the reversing members are supported by the carriage, and

Figs. 18 and 19 represent an end-of-line justifier with a ramp and touching member incorporating the combined recall: the first, before the justification has started, and the second, at the end of a justification.

In the typewriter taken as an example, the carriage can slide on the rack by means of two small longitudinal bearings engaged in slots of this latter. Moreover, the drawband coming from the casing of the main spring is attached to the rack, instead of being hooked to the carriage as in ordinary typewriters. It is not necessary to dwell upon these very simple modifications. On the contrary, the type of end-of-line justifier chosen as example will be described with some detail, this description being necessary for the understanding of the invention; the justifier comprises: a part integral with the rack, a part integral with the carriage-the second sliding on rails of the first anda connection between these two parts.

The part integral with the carriage consists essentially (Fig. 1) in a slider 1 with four horns: 2, 3, 5, 6, each having a longitudinal groove, such as 2 for the'horn 2. The justifying lever 10 turns on the slider 1 by means of its pivot 11, of center 0. This lever has a medial groove 12 and a straight edge 13 situated in the longitudinal axis of the said groove; the stop 14, the position of which is adjustable on the frame, will contact theedge 13 from the beginning of justification. A slider 15 can move in the groove 12, and a hole 16 in this slider will receive the linking pin A, the role of which will appear below. A bracket 17, mounted under the slider 1 by screws such as 18, connects this latter to the arm 19 of the rack 20 (said arm projecting outside the typewriter) by means of screws such as 21. The slider 1 comprises: a rest stop 7 for the justifying lever 10, and a slot 8 the role of which will be described later. The rest stop 7 is normally set over on the screw which carries it, to allow slight variations to be made in the rest position of the lever 10 at the time of adjusting the assembly; in the figure, however, the stop is represented as circular for the sake of simplification. The recall of the justifying lever 10 towards its rest stop 7 is assured by the spring 30, hooked: on the one hand, on a stud 31 of the pivot 11, on the other hand, on a square bracket 32 fixed under the slider 1 by screws such as 33.

The part integral with the carriage (70) consists essentially in a plate (Fig. 2) mounted on the right end plate 71 (shown diagrammatically) of the carriage by two cars 41 and 42. Two rails 43 and 45, which will slide in the grooves such as 2' of the slider 1, are mounted under the plate. The rail 43 is fixed by three screws such as 44. The rail 45 is fixed at its left extremity, doubly bent at right angles, by two screws such as 46 and, at itsrightextremi'ty', I

ing slider 15 to join the part of first bent vertically at 45', then flattened over the plate, by two screws such as 47.

A slot 49, with an inclination identical to that of the justifying lever 10 in rest position, is cut in the plate 40. The slider 1 being inserted between the rails 43, 45, and placed in the neutral position giving normal typing (spacing), the longitudinal axis 491 of the slot 49 will coincide with that of the groove 12, i. e. with the straight edge 13 (Fig. 1) of the justifying lever 10, so long as this latter remains at rest. The regulating slider 50, with retaining flanges 51, 52, can slide in the slot 49; slider 50 carries the linking pin A, entering in the hole 16 (Fig; 1) ofthe linkthe justifier integral with the carriage (plate 40) to the part integral with the rack (slider 1).

The regulating lever 54, which the flat spring 55, supported on the pin 57, tends to push back towards the right, is articulated at 53 on the slider 50. The justification settings consist in engagingthe'hooking finger 58 of the lever 54 in one of the notchesof the setting scale 59', fixed along the edge'of the slot 49 by screws such as 60. The notches in question; nine in number, are numbered from 4 to +4; to avoid entering into too much detail however, only the extreme notches 4, +4, are represented, together with the central notch (zero notch) giving the normal typing. With a normal terminal segment of 30 characters, the setting to the notch 4 shown inthe figure corresponds to the justification of a line where the terminal segment comprises only 304=26 characters. The notch +4 would correspond to a terminal segment of 30+4=34 characters. The positions which the linking pin A occupies on the plate 40 for these two settings are respectivelyindicated at A26 and at A34 by'two small crosses, the center ofA being here at A2s.

Although the justifier set to zero gives the normal spacing, it is welllto be able to lock it for the long periods of use of the machine as an ordinary typewriter. The locking device comprises a threaded bolt 65 riveted on the plate 40 and provided at its base with a boss 66 filling, with a slight clearance, the space which exists between the slider I and the plate 40'; this space is equal to the thickness of the justifying lever 10, added to that of the retaining flanges 51', 52 of the regulating slider 50. When the locking knob 68 is screwed on the threaded bolt 65'; its shoulder 67 presses against the lower face of the slider 1; by screwing it more, the boss 66 then presses the upper face of the slider 1, which is firmly held between this boss and the shoulder 67. The slot 8 (Fig. 1) is intended to allow the passage of the threaded bolt 65 when the plate 40 advances in relation to the slider 1 (expanded typings); on the contrary, in contracted typings the threaded bolt 65 moves away from the slot 8'.

Fig. 3' represents thejustifier assembled and set to the notch 4-when, in the course of justification, the straight edge 13 of the justifying lever 10 coincides with the vertical line IVIV of the drawing;'this' figure results consequently from the superposition of Fig. 2 on Fig. 1, when the justifying lever 10 of this latter is placed vertically. Certain details having no great interest are omitted, such as in Fig. 1 the securing screws of the brackets 32 and 17 under the slider 1, together with the screws securing the-projecting arm 19 of the rack 20 on the bracket 17; and in Fig. 2, the fiat spring 55.

At the beginning. of justification, the slider 1 was at 1 and the justifying lever 10 at 10 (positions represented by dot-and-dash lines on the right part of the figure). The straight edge 13 of the lever, then at 13', had just entered into contact withthe actuating stop 14, the axis of rotation O of thelever was at 0', and the linking pin A at Azs, in the longitudinal axis 491 of the slot 49, which coincided then with the position 13' of the edge 13'. The linking pin A, integral with the carriage through the intermediary. of. the regulating slider 50 of which it is a part, and of the. plate 40 carrying. the. said slider, can move only horizontally of the drawing; in the particular case, .it has described the horizontal which passes through its initial position A'iis' to end at A26 on the vertical line lVIV, a course marked by an .arrow. However, the slider 1, integral with the projecting arm 19 of the rack 20 has advanced by only '0, .2. course shown also by tively advanced in relation to the rack and the typing has been expanded. The relative carriage-rack advance is equal to A'zsAze minus O'O.

In Fig. 4, an enlarged section of Fig. 3 along the line IV-lV, the flat spring 55 of Fig. 2 is not represented, as well as the recall spring 30 of the justifying lever 10; practically, indeed, this spring is scarcely visible behind its stud 3i.

Fig. 5 shows the justifier mounted obliquely, by its ears 41 and 42, on the right end plate 71 of the carriage 70. (Such a mounting presents as a rule two advantages over the horizontal mountings: reduction of the space occupied by the justifier in the front-to-rear direction and easier readability of the setting scale 59, the plane of which is raised. Moreover, in the typewriter taken as example, it gives free access to the knob 69 of the platen.) The frame is simply indicated by its vertical wall 72 eating the fixed rear rail 73, as well as by the horizontal part 172" of its profile, the fixed front rail 76 being above the level thereof. The carriage 70, itself carrying two rails 75 and '78, rolls in the known manner on the rails 73 and 76 by the intermediary of balls 74 and 77. The actuating stop 14 of the justifying lever (a dihedron the edge of which is perpendicular to the inclined plane of the justifier) is carried by a slider 80, adjustable on a rail 81 attached to the frame by a web 82, then lockable on this rail by means of the nut 83. The locking device of the justifier is not shown; its knob 68 (Fig. 2) would mask the stud 31 on which the recall spring is hooked.

The drawband is shown at 90 by its rectangular form. In the classic typewriter whence the end-of-line justifying typewriter just described is derived, thisband is hooked onto the carriage 759. in the end-of-line justifying typewriter, on the other hand, it is attached on the rack 20, by means of a square bracket diagrammatically represented by its horizontal leg 91, shown by a dot-and-dash line. As for the rack 20, of which the arm 19 is an extension, it remains applied against the rail 78 of the carriage 70 along the vertical plane XX'XX, but, instead of forming a block with the rail as in the classic version of the typewriter, it allows the said rail to slide in relation to it, by means of the slidingarrangement mentioned above.

These details of construction being specified, the drawbacks which a double recall system presents in end-of-line justifying typewriters (that is to say, for the types of machine and endof-line justifier taken as example: the independent recall, in the known manner, of the referencepart (here the rack 2(9) by the drawband 99, and the recall, equally independent, of the justifying lever 10 in rest-position by the spring 30) will be now considered.

The oscillations likely to arise in the relative-sliding system carriage-rack for certain extreme settings of the justifier, with simultaneous swinging of the justifying lever, are described below.

Fig. 6 shows as diagrammatically as possible the elements of the preceding description useful for the explanation of the phenomenon. The justifying lever 10 is shown here by a simple straight line 10, turning at O on the slider i; the spring 30 recalling the lever towards its rest stop 7 is hooked on the one hand on the lever at 31, and on the other hand on the bracket 32 of the slider 1. The plate 40, fitted with its rails 43 and 45 and mounted on the carriage 7! is reduced to a simple bridge bearing the slot 49. The carriage 70 rolls in the known manner on the frame '72; a section shows one of the bearings or slideways by means of which it can slide in relation to the rack 20. It is clear that the relative-sliding system with two parts thus constituted on the typewritenand mobile an arrow. The carriage has thus eifec on the frame 72 of this latter, comprises on the one hand as the reference-part, the ensemble 1-'-20 of the sliderl and the rack 20, recalled towards the left by the drawband attached on the rack at 91, and on the other hand as a part relatively mobile on the first, the ensemble 70-40 of the carriage 7d and the plate 40. Still for simplification purposes, finally, the stop 14 is supposed to be fixed on the frame, whereas its longitudinal position is in reality adjustable on this latter.

The linking pin A can be set in the slot 49 between the two extreme positions A26 and A34. The region of the positive settings, for excess terminal segments, is included between 0 and A34; that of the negative settings, for deficient terminal segments, is included between 0 and A26. After setting in the slot 49 and locking on the plate 40, i. c. with respect to the carriage 70, the linking pin A will be able to describe only horizontals, as already stated. it is quite evident, moreover, that when the justifying lever 10 turns about its axis 0 in the course of justifications, it turns also about the linking pin A, while sliding slightly in relation to this same pin; in Fig. 1, this latter movement corresponds to small shiftings of the linking slider 15 in the groove 12 of the lever.

With the end-of-line justifying typewriters, the justifications can be obtained: either at the first attempt with a blank typing of the terminal segments, or at a second attempt, i. e. from a preparatory copy in rough column, in the manner of the so called total justifying typewriters. in the first method, the justified is set only at the beginning of the actual printing of the terminal segments, the normal typing of the beginnings of lines being as a rule effected at the Zero setting. In the second, on the other hand, for the speed of the work, the justifier is set at the beginning of each line. No oscillation of the carriage on the rack being possible at the zero setting because the linking pin A then coincides with the axis of rotation O of the justifying lever, it is supposed in what follows that the justification is achieved at a second attempt. in this way, the pin A will be able to occupy any of the other positions besides 0, even during the phases of normal typing preceding the coming into action of the justifier.

To cover all the cases of working, to distinguish on the one hand the the other hand the negative settings; and, in each of these domains, in the first place the phase of normal typing preceding the justifications, and in the second place, the phase of the actual justification. For each advance of the rack by one character in each of these four situations, it will be fitting then to consider the beginning and the end of the advance, i. e., those of the movement phasesstarting and end-of-course shock, respectively-which can occasion relative shiftings in the carriage-rack system.

At the positive settings and during the normal typings preceding the justifications (i. e. so long as the justifying lever 10 has not come into contact with its actuating stop 14-), the relative-sliding system constituted by the carriage 70 and the rack 20 can operate only as a block. Indeed (Fig. 6), the linking pin A, set between 0 and A34, is on the same side as the rest stop 7 in relation to 0. Each time the escapement frees the rack 20 for an advance of one character, this latter, recalled towards the left by the drawband 90, gathers speed only progressively. The inertia of the carriage 70 tends however to immobilize the linking pin A, for everything takes place from the dynamic point of view as if the mass of the carriage were concentrated at A. The justifying lever 15), acted on at O by the rack 20 in the direction of the arrow 1, would itself then tend to turn clockwise about A, thus to leave its rest stop 7; but the tension to rest of its recall spring 39 is so chosen that it opposes this loss of contact and, as the acceleration imposed on the system is practically constant, the spring can effectively fill its ofiice. The carriage starts therefore with the rack and follows it faithfully. The carriage-rack system having it is appropriate first positive settings, on

completed its. course .of .one. character, the rack. 20-.con sequently the axis .O of .the justifying lever -are abruptly stopped. Thepotential energy stored by the carriage 70, appliedat A to the justifying lover in (arrow f in dotted line), helps the spring 30 to press the lever against its stop 7. it is useful to note this last conclusion, for it is the opposite which will occur with the negative settings.

.During the actual justification, still as regards positive settings, thejustifying. lever 10 is retained by its actuating stop 14- (Fig. 7). This latter substituting itself for the rest stop 7 from the point of view of the above explications, the conclusions drawn from these latter remain valid, with even acertain improvement. The tension of the spring 30 increasing in proportion as the justifying lever 10 turns, the eventually disturbing inertia of the earriage,=applied at A on the lever at the time of the starting ofxtherack (arrow 1), is much better overcome. And whenthe rack is abruptly stopped, the potential energy which the carriage has stored, applied at A to the lever (arrow f), adds to the accrued traction of the spring 30 to press the lever even more against its actuating stop 14.

ln conclusion, the swingings of the justifying lever 10 with respect the stops 7 or 14 cannot occur with the positive settings if it has been possible to choose conveniently the tension to rest of the spring 39.

-At the negative settings (Figs. 8 and 9) the linking pin A, placed between 0 and A26, is on the side opposite to that of the rest stop 7 in relation to the axis of rotation 0. During the'norrnal typings preceding the justification (Fig. 8) each time the escapement frees the rack for an advance of one character, the inertia of the carriage 70 tends, as previously with positive settings, to make A a fixed point. The pull of the drawband 90, transmitted at O (arrow f) to the justifying lever 10, would then tend, if the rest stop did not exist, to make the lever turn counterclockwise about A; but, the stop 7 being present, the reaction due to inertia recorded at A can only press the lever against the said stop. Consequently, the rack drives the carriage more surely than with the positive settings, whatever the tension to rest of the spring 30. At the. end of the'movement, however, the rack 2t) stopping abruptly, 0 becomes energy of the carriage, applied at A (arrow f) to the justifying lever 10, acts clockwise about 0 upon this latter, disengaging it eventually from its stop 7 in spite of the spring 30. The tendency to disengagement is all the more important as (a) the potential energy of the carriage is higher, and (b) the setting distance OA greater. If there is any disengagement (that which a tension to rest of the spring increased for this purpose could always prevent, although then risking the blocking considered further),t the justifying lever takes, for example, the position 101, andthe carriage advances instantly by the small amount M1 in relation to the should immobilize itself with it.

This is not all. The spring 30 recalls immediately the justifying lever 10 against the stop 7, this with all the more energy as its tension to rest is stronger, whence an immediate recoil of the carriage; but, if this recoil is too sudden, .the carriage, again actuating in turn the justifying lever 10 at A (from left to right this time) as soon as this latter-has reassurned contact with its stop 7, drives the slider 1, and thus the rack 20, towards the right against the drawband' 9tl', resulting in a series of damped oscillations in the relative-sliding system carriage-rack. These oscillationsare accompanied by the impacts of the justifying leverreassuming contact with its stop. If the typing takes place before the system has recovered its equilibrium,- the spacing of the characters risks being irregular.

The phenomenon described'cannot occur during the phases ofrnormal typing preceding the justifications when the justification iseifected at a first attempt, because, as explainedabove, thejustifier then. remains. set to the zero notch until the blank typing of the terminal segment has a fixed point; the potential.

rack, whereas it .8 indicated the setting to be. used. On the other'hand,'it is quite' likelyto appear in the course of the said phases in the justifications ata second attempt, the settingof the justifier being then etfectedsystematically at the beginning of each line.

During the actual justification, still at the negative settings (Fig. 9), the phenomenon is almost the same, the actuating stop 14 replacing the rest stop 7 from the point of view of the above developments; however, its amplitude diminishes, in proportion as the justification advances, the growing tension of the spring 30 pressing the lever 10 more and more strongly against the stop 14. In general, any anomaly disappears after the typing of the first five to tenexpanded characters of the terminal segment,.contingent upon the justification setting utilized and the ratio of the opposing tensions (drawband and spring 30).

The potential energy which the carriage acquires during each advance of the rack by one character depends (l) on the mass of the carriage, (2) on the value of the advance in question, i. e. the width of the character, and finally (3), on the tension of the main spring, this latter determining the accelerationof the carriage by the intermediary of the rack, and therefore the speed of the first at the moment when the escapement stops the second. That is why, everything being equal, in particular for a given tension to rest of the recall spring 30, the carriagerack oscillations are all the more important as (a) the mass of the carriage is higher, (b) the body of the type greater, and finally (c) the tension of the main spring stronger. For a given setting of the justifier, they are therefore smaller in portable typewriters than in ofiice typewriters, with the elite than with the pica type, and for typings on the right side of the pages than for typings on the left.

As to the setting distance 0A, it intervenes roughly as the'lever-arm of the carriage potential energy, and the oscillations are, naturally, all the more ample as the linking pin A is nearer the extreme setting A26. Practically, for'a convenient ratio between the average tension of the main spring, transmitted by the drawband 99', and the tension to rest of the spring 30, they originate only at the setting 3,.to reach their maximum amplitude at the setting 4, where the swinging of the justifying lever can be about two or three degrees in magnitude.

'The oscillations and swingings described do not prevent the use ofend-of-line justifying typewriters so affected, since they can scarcely occur except for two settings, one of which at least, the setting 4, almost never enters into justification. The range of correct working of these typewriters thus covers all practical requirements, and it sufiices to bear in mind the necessity to slow the typing when the setting -3 is introduced, a rather infrequent utilization. I

The second of the drawbacks which the use of two independent recall systems involves in the present known endof-line justifying typewriters, viz., the possibility of blocking in the course of justification, will now be explained. v

After what has preceded, it is fitting that the recall spring 30 should overcome any disturbing effect of the linking pin A on the justifying lever 10, both at the beginning of each advance of the rack by one character for all thepositive settingsv (first'series of cases) in order to avoid lags of the carriage at the startings, as well as at the end of such advances for all the negative settings (second series of cases) in order instantly to immobilize the carriage when the rack is itself stopped. The second series imposes, for the reasons below, a tension of the spring 34 greater than that which would suffice for the first series:

(a) At'thetime'therack advances by one character, the gathering of speed by therack and the carriage is progressiveywhilst atthe, endof. the advances, the rack being suddenly stopped, everything happens as if the carriage were sharply thrown forward in relation to it with the speed that the said carriage has at this moment;

(b) For symmetrical settings, e. g. 4 and +4, at the negative setting and at the end of the advances, the potential energy of the carriage acts on the justifying lever with a lever-arm (determined by the distance OAzs) greater than that (determined by the distance OA34) which the inertia of the carriage disposes at the beginning of the advances and at the positive setting.

The average tension of the drawband 90' being fixed,

if the tension at rest of the spring 30 is established in such a ratio with the first that it answers the more exacting of the two series of the above cases (extreme negative setting), it is certain that the carriage-rack system will never oscillate, but it may happen that it becomes blocked during the justification. Indeed, if the tension of the drawband 9i) varies little, that of the spring 30, on the other hand, increases in proportion as the justifying lever turns. No independent recall system would avoid the increase in question, but, with a spiral spring such as 30, the length at rest of which is obligatorilylimited by the reduced dimensions of the slider 1, this increase is much too rapid. The elongation and tension imposed on the spring becoming gradually disproportionate to its length at rest, the recall force applied on the justifying lever soon becomes excessive, all the more excessive as the tension at rest of the said spring has been fixed at a greater value to prevent the swinging; the lever being no longer able to turn except with difiiculty, the typewriter gradually slows down and eventually stops altogether.

If the designer increases the tension of the main spring and eventually diminishes that of the spring 30 in order that the first prevails in all circumstances over the second, besides the fact that the typewriter can become stiff and wear out prematurely, the risk is present of the swinging of the justifying lever being accentuated, or else coming into being if it does not already exist.

The design of a spring such as 30, having to satisfy, for a given tension of the main spring, a group of conditions of which certain are contradictory, is then extremely delicate; it is even insoluble with short springs for the entire working range of the typewriter, at least in the typewriters with a heavy carriage and large size types. Indeed, when a spiral spring does not give satisfaction, a helical spring arranged around the pivot 11 (Fig. 1) of the justifying lever, said pivot projecting for this purpose under the slider 1, can be substituted for it. As the rotations of the lever scarcely exceed about sixty degrees, it is always possible to determine the number of turns of such a spring so that, for a given tension at rest, its final recall tension remains definitely less than the limit at which the typewriter would be blocked. It is possible also to envisage a system of the tackle kind, by means of which a relatively short spring would recall with slight variations in tension an element effecting courses exceeding the spring elongation. The solution of the helical spring is unfortunately not applicable to all the justifiers of the type taken as an example, the protuberance formed by the said spring under the slider 1 possibly preventing the installation of the justifiers on the typewriters, in particular with regards to the horizontal mountings at the base of the carriages. As to the solutions of the tackle kind, they are as a rule complicated and costly. Finally, these various solutions which would well eliminate the possibility of a blocking in the course of justification, would not necessarily suppress the eventual swingings of the justifying lever.

The defects and difficulties developed above result from the fact that the recall device of the justifying lever 10 to rest position and, more generally, the recall devices to rest position of the member of the justifier intended to be contacted as from the beginning of justification, have been until now independent of the recall towards the left, by the main spring, of the reference-part of the relative-sliding system constituted on the typewriters. The

invention eliminates them by substituting in place of these devices a recall by the main spring itself. The drawband is therefore no longer attached on the referencepart of the relative sliding system, but on the member of the justifier which must be recalled towards its rest position. Then, the direction of the drawband traction having been conveniently guided, the recall of the member in question results immediately from this attaching, and that of the reference-part towards the left results from the separate or combined reactions which the same attaching, as well as the drawband guiding means which makes it possible, entail on the element of the justifier integral with the said reference-part; in other words, the two recalls are combined.

For the types of machine and end-of-line justifiertaken as example, and assuming temporarily, for schematic purposes only, that the drawband 90' may be displaced in a parallel direction to itself, the principle in question results in replacing the mounting of Fig. 6 by that of Fig. 10. The spring 30 being suppressed, the drawband 90' is attached on the justifying lever 10, at 31, for example (a point in the neighborhood of the former stud 31, or at any other convenient point, necessarily situated in relation to O on the same side as the stop 7), instead of being as previously on the rack by means of the square bracket 91. During the phases of normal typing preceding the jnstifications, the traction which the drawband 90 exercises at 31' is shared by the lever 10 between its proper rotation axis 0 and its rest stop 7, thus assuring simultaneously the maintenance of the lever in rest position and the recall of the ensemble slider l-rack 20 towards the left. During the justifications, so long as the ensemble slider l-rack 20 is immobilized by the escapement, the drawband 90' makes the lever 10 take support (by its axis 0) on the slider 1 to apply the said lever 10 against its actuating stop 14, and, when the rack is freed, the drawband makes the lever inversely take support on the stop 14 to push the axis 0, i. e. the ensemble slider l-rack 20 towards the left. Thus, besides the fact that the justifying lever is effectively, in all the cases, recalled directly by the drawband towards its rest position, it constitutes as well a member the reactions of which on one of the elements of the justifier (in the particular case the slider 1) recall towards the left the reference-part of the relative-sliding system.

The typewriter can no longer become blocked in the course of justification, no internal over-resistance coming progressively to oppose the traction of the drawband 90 as the justifying lever turns. As to the interfering carriage-rack oscillations, their impossibility results from the fact that the tension of the drawband is greater than that of any spring which could normally be installed on the slider 1 for an independent recall of the justifying lever. Even at the extreme negative setting, the untimely shiftings of the carriage, when the rack stops abruptly at the end of each advance by one character, can be prevented by conveniently choosing the distance of the hooking point 31' to the rotation axis 0 of the justifying lever.

The putting into practice of the combined recall, although still quite simple, is however a little less so than in the diagram Fig. 10 and, above all, it varies according to the design of the end-of-line justifying typewriters to be fitted with this system of recall. The mounting of Fig. 10 assumes that the point 31, where the drawband Q0 is hooked onto the justifying lever 10, is on the putline of the drawband. This is an ideal case. in practice, it is a question of linking a drawband obligatorily tangent to the casing of the main spring, and consequently of a determined position in the typewriter (usually horizontal) to a point of the justifier the rest position of which depends firstly, on the actual structure of the justifier, and, secondly, on the method of mounting this latter on the typewriter. The said putting into practice requires in most cases at least a reversing device together with a change -of plane, for, if it would be already exceptional that the plane describedby the hooking point of the drawband;

onto the member of the justifier' to. be recalled contains the horizontal'in question, a case in which a simple change in direction of the drawband would sufficc, it wouldbe even more so that this point should be on the said horizontal. For example, in a typewriter with a justifying lever pivoting on the rack, the lever 10 (Fig. ll) turns about in a plane P, usually not horizontal. This plane, parallel'by construction to the drawband 90, does not necessarily contain this latter; it is on the contrary at a determined distance d, and the plane P" described by the hooking point 31' of the drawband on the lever can be at a different distance a'd'. The attaching of the drawband to the point 31 will therefore require (a) the transferring in the plane P, as from a certain vertical plane Q and parallel to itself, of the pull-line of the drain band (the possibility of transferring the point 311 to a plane passing through the drawband parallel to P, to avoid in volving the band itself in the change of plane, is considercd later), and (b) a change in direction of the drawband in the plane vY". As a general rule, therefore, drawband guiding means are provided to bring the drawband into the position required by the design of the typewriter. Several examples of construction of these auxiliary means are. given below.

To apply the invention to the type of machine and of end-of-line justifier illustrated by Figs. 1 to 5, one proceeds, for example, as follows (Fig. 12):

The square bracket of the rack with a horizontal leg 91v (Fig. 5) is eliminated, as well as the independent recall system of Fig. 1: spring 30,- bracket 32 and stud 31; moreover, the drawband 90' with a rectangular section of Fig. 5 is replaced by a catgut cable passing under the right end plate 71 of the carriage. Next, the following modifications are brought to the slider 1: (a) transferring towards the right of the bracket 17 onto which the projecting arm 19 of the rack 20 is secured, the length of the arm being naturally increased in consequence; (b) mounting under the pivot 11 of the justifying lever 10, by means of two screws such as 92, of a sector 93 with a groove-94, provided with a hooking cap 95 assuming the fnnctionof the hooking pin 31" of Figs. 10 and ll although its relative position is not the same, and (c) mounting in the left lower part of the slider of a cable idler 96 turning about an axle 96', intended to receive and guide the cable 9d.

The cable 96 being below the plane of the groove 94, various arrangements are possible tobring it into the plane in question. Figs. 12 and 13 show one of them, rug. from the back and below. In these figures, the roller 96 is provided with two radial pins 97 and 97, spaced from each other along the axis of the roller, the second being nearer to the slider 1. The cable 90, emerging at a tangent to the roller 96 from below the carriage, Winds itself upon the roller 96 to pass around the pin 97, comes back to pass around the pin 97' (this part of the coiling up being helical in order to assure the necessary change of plane) and returns again around the roller to engage into the groove 94 of the sector 93 which leads it to the hooking cap 95 of the latter. The angular keying of pin 97 or 97' in relation to the point of tangency of the cable with the roller 96 which concerns each of the said pins is naturally greater than the maximum rotation of the roller, to avoid slipping of the cable.

It is clear, then, that the recall of the justifying lever 10 towards its rest position results from the attaching of the cable on the hooking cap 95 integral with the lever, and that the simultaneous recall of the slider 1 towards the left results, on the one hand, from the reaction which this attaching entails on the slider through the intermediary of the lever, the pivot 11 of which reacts on the slider, and, on the other hand, from the reaction developed by winding of the cable around the roller 96, the said roller reacting also on the slider through its axle 96' (the 13 showing-in perspective a portion of Fig. 12 seen fit 12 part played by each slider varies according towhether a justification phase, or a phase of normal typing preceding the justifications is concerned). The roller 96and its axle 95' constitute in this case the guiding means of the cable up to the hooking point on the member of the justifier which the said cable must recall towards its rest position.

The cable can-also be attached by its extremity on the pin 97, whilst a spare bit of cable binds the pin 97 to the cap 95.

Figs. 14 and 15' represent another arrangement, particularly applicable when the rotation of the roller does not exceed about a third of a turn, which is roughly its size in theusual installations. Fig. 14 is a plan view from above, taken under the same conditions as Fig. 12, but without the slider 1; a section completely discloses the part ofthe cable which extends towards the groove 94. Fig. 15 shows the corresponding elevation, seen from the exterior of the typewriter. In these figures, the roller 96 comprises two grooves 98 and 98 separated by a median rounded part of larger diameter 99. The groove 98 is at a tangent to the entering portion of the cable 90, whilst the groove 98', the one nearer the slider 1, is in the plane of the groove 94 of the sector 93. The cable, received by the groove 98, makes more than one helical turn around the roller, passing over the rounded part 99, approximately at 99' and rejoins the groove 98 whence it comes out at a tangent to enter the groove 94; its actual tension prevents it from slipping on the rounded part when the roller turns.

According to another arrangement, the cable 90 winds compactly around a cylindrical roller as on a winch, the roller comprising at least one flange at the end corresponding to the arrival of the cable, tohold this latter laterally; the number of the ceiling turns determines the degree of the change of plane of the cable.

Finally, after passing on the roller 96 or around it, the cable 90 can, instead of booking and rolling onto a sector integral with the justifying lever 1%, be attached simply to theextremity of a radial arm fixed to the lever. For preference, the angular keying of the arm under the pivot 11 of the lever is such that the part of the cable coming out of the roller taltes the same direction atthe end of the justification of the longest terminal segment as at the beginning of the justifications; the rotations of the lever remaining by construction less than about sixty degrees, the variations of the angle under which the cable drives the arm affect oniy slightly the recall torque exercised onthe arm.

The change of plane of the cable can be avoided by transferringfthe corresponding construction condition to the booking point. this end. The first consists in arranging the sector 93 low enough under the pivot 11 of the justifying lever for the planeof its groove 94 to contain the cable 90; this may he done byinserting a shim between the pivot and the sector, or simply by extending the pivot; the same variation in designis applicable to the radial arm which was the subject of, the previous paragraph. The second arrangement consists of windingthe cable 90 on the pivot 11, extended for this purpose as previously and increased in diameter as the case may be (Fig. 16).

In the mountings described above, conforming to the invention (Figs. 12 to 16), the member or members assuring the necessary changes of plane and direction of thecable 90 arecarriedby thereference-part of the relative-sliding system constituted on the typewriter; this arrangement is quite natural since it is this part which the cable must draw towards the. left and moreover carries the member of. the justifier to be recalled towards its restposition. Thus the roller 96 is brought under the slider 1 integral with the rack 26, which is the reference-part of the relative-sliding system carriage-rack. The mounting of-the rnembers in question on the relatively mobile part of the system in the particular case the carof these reactions in the recall of the.

Two arrangements are possible to.

riage 70 or the plate 40, is however in no way excluded from the invention; itissufiicientthat no longitudinal reaction results which might disturb the relativemovements of the carriage.

That is the case, by example, of the design of Fig. 17. From the position 90, which is that of a tangent to the main spring casing, the cable is transferred parallel to itself to the level of its hooking point 31, by means of two rollers 961, 962 carried by a bracket 963 integral with the carriage 70. An installation of this kind permits the attachment of a cable 90 situated at any height inside the frame 72 to any point 31 of the justifying lever or of a piece integral with the latter. It is indeed possible to adjust either the diameter of the rollers 961, 962, or the slope of the mounting of the bracket 96:. When the hooking point 31' is established on a cylindrical part, such as asector with a groove, or the pivot of the justifying lever, the inclination of the cable 90 at its exit from the roller 962 remaining constant, the recall torque exercised on the lever is itself constant. On the other hand, if the'point 31 is on the actual justifying lever (Fig. 17) or on a radial arm integral with its pivot, the inclination of the cable varies when the lever turns. It is possible, however, as has been explained above in connection with the radial arm, to arrange for the resulting variations of the recall torque to remain slight.

Instead of being mounted onthe right end plate 71 of the carriage 70 as shown in Fig. 17, the reversing or guiding members 961, 962 can be of course installed on the plate 40 of the justifier, since the plate is integral with the carriage.

The devices allowing a change to be made in the direction or plane of a cable, or both, being very numerous, it is enough to have described, as examples, some of them to show that the combined recall of a rack towards the left and of a justifying lever towards its rest position do not pose any problem to the man of the art as soon as the principle involved is established.

It is clear that the direct hooking (i. e. without the intermediary of a reversing or guiding roller) of the cable 90 on the justifying lever 10, or on a member immediately integral with it constitutes the simplest solution of the combined recall; the reasons for which this solution is seldom applicable have already been given,in connection with Fig. 11. It isequally clear that the recall of the lever does not necessarily imply the hooking of the cable itself on the lever or on an element immediately integral with this latter; according to the cases, the recall can be actually assured by a driving mechanism (pinion or toothed sector, bell-crank etc.) actuating the lever and to which the cable maybe attached. In the majority of the cases, however, it is the cable itself, which constitutes the ideal vector of its own traction up to the lever; being already present in the typewriters,

' it only needs to be prolonged and guided, and no other element of construction is better suited for both purposes.

The application of the invention to a type of endof-line justifier entirely different from the preceding will now be described as asecond example of realization. This justifier is of the type with a ramp and contact arm.

The carriage 170 (Fig. 18) rollsin the usual manner on the rails 173 and 176 of the frame 172 and can more over shift in relation to the rack 120 as shown diagrammatically by a sliding arrangement visible through the cut-away prtion170'.

The part of the justifier integral with the carriage 170 comprises essentially a plate 140 secured to the, right end plate 171 of the latter, and here largely cutaway to show the superposition of the various parts of the mechanism. This plate carries.. (a) two cylindrical rods 143 and 145 that maybe compared tothe rails 43 and 45 of the preceding justifier (b) a setting bar 150, ar-,

ticulated under the plate at 153 and presenting at its lower-face a grooveor a slot 112 of which the symmetry plane passes through the center of the pivot 153, and (c) a setting sector 159 in the nine notches 4 to +4 of which the locking finger 158 of the bar 150 can be engaged.

The part of the justifier integral with the rack comprises essentially a slider 101 conveniently hollowed out to minimize friction, and in which the rods 143 and move. A contact arm 110, of which the direction is perpendicular to the rods 143, 145, can shift along itsaxis on the slider, between guiding tracks such as 111, or between rollers. A bridge 110, fitted below the contact arm, prevents it from leaving the slider upwards. One of the set screws of the bridge forms the stud .195 on which the recall device of the contact arm in rest position is hooked.

This diagrammatic structure being noted, the connection between the two parts of the justifier is effected by a pin A mounted on the contact arm 110 and engaged in the slot 112 of the bar 150. In Fig. 18, the linking pin A is at the back end of the slot 112, which forms its rest stop.

In a justifier of this kind which would be designed in accordance with the above identified applications for patents, in particular as regards the first, the contact arm 110 would be recalled towards its rest position by an independent spring; instance, on the one hand, on the stud 195 of the contact arm (which would be then a stud 131, by analogy with the stud 31 of the justifying lever 10 of Fig. l) and, on the other hand, on the teat 132 of a bracket 132 secured under the slider 101, said bracket being shown by a dotted outline. According to the invention, on the contrary, the recall of the contact arm 110 to its rest position is combined with that of the ensemble slider 101- rack 120 towards the left. For this purpose, the drawcable (coming from the main spring casing) is hooked onto the stud 195, then passes on the roller 196 which returns it to its normal pulling direction inside the frame, while eventually effecting its change of plane; the roller 196 turns under the slider 101 around an axle 196'. The cable 190 therefore recalls simultaneously the contact arm 110 by a direct action on its stud 195, and the rack 120 by the traction which it exerciseson the roller 196 and constitute the guidingmeans of the cable up to the hooking point on the member of the justifier which the cable must recall towards its rest position.

When the relative positions of the cable 190 and the.

stud are such that a single roller does not allow the changing in the desired direction of the pull to be exercised on the contact arm, it is clear that the use of two rollers does not violate the spirit of the invention.

The shifting of the contact arm 110 along its axis is caused by a ramp 114 integral with a slider 180, movable on a rail 181 of the frame 172 and lockable on this rail by means of a set screw 183. As the carriage-rack system advances towards the left, the contact arm having assumed contact with the ramp is gradually pushed back by said ramp. The linking pin A, compelled to move in linking pin A moves in the slot 112 without causing any relative sliding of the carriage, and the typing is normal. In all the cases, the contact arm 110 shifts therefore during the justification transversely to the slider 101,

against the pull which the cable 190 exercises on it, and.

this spring would be attached, for

which the axle 196' of this latter. transmits to the slider 101. The roller and its. axle,

this *samepulltends constantly to ring it back towards its rest position: L

In the normal typing preceding the justifications (Fig.

18'), ire. so long as the contact arm 110 is not contacted by'theramp 114, thecarriage forms ablock with the rack, through the linking pin'A, and this, whatever the inclination of the setting bar 150, although, quite bviouslyrthe zero setting, entailing noinclination of the bar, assures' the 'best mechanicallocking.

It is fitting tor'emark that the justifying typewriters with ramp -and' 'contact member arm are by their very nature, even without a combined recall, free'from oscillationsin their carriage-rackrelative-sliding system. The reason for this is simple: whereas'ajustifying lever, simply held back by an independent spring of anaverage strength, can always be caused to rotate, in spite of this spring, by the disturbing effects which have been seen, the setting bar 150 is locked in its various setting positions by the finger 158 and,- moreover, the contact arm 110 cannot be shifted perpendicularly to guides such as 111. *On' the other hand, without a combined recall, these-typewriters are,-as the previous ones with anindependentrecall of the justifying lever, likely to become blocked in the course of justification, for the reasonalready given, i. e.: the difficulty whichis experienced in designing or accommodating a spring of such a length at rest that the maximum elongation which may be im'posedon it represents but a negligible fraction of this length. in Fig. 18, for instance, the distanceof the teat 132 to the stud 195 in rest position roughly defines the length which may be given an independent recall spring; the maximum movement of the contact arm 110 would stretch such a spring by about 30per cent. In these conditions, the typewriter, gradually slowed down by'the'increasing pressure of the contact arm against the ramp, can stop altogether in thecourse ofjustification. On theother hand, in an end-ofdine justifying typewriterof this kind but with a combined recall, the tension of the draw-cable 190 remaining'nearly constant, the working conditions of the justifier vary little during the whole course on the ramp.

The various arrangements described above to change the cable either in direction or in plane, or both at once, are naturally applicable to the above justifier. Similarly, thecable, instead of being hooked directly at 195 on the contactarm 110 may be attached 'on a mechanism mounted on the slider 101 for driving the contact arm, such as a pinion, a toothed sector meshing with a rack cut on the contact arm, a bell-crank of which a forkarm drives a pin of the contact arm, etc. Itis also possible to have a part of the changes in plane and direction of the cableeifectedby members mounted on the carriage 170 or the plate140, i. e. on the relatively mobile part of the relative-sliding system, instead of being mounted on the slider 101. I

Finally, the invention 'applies'whatever way the'relative-sliding system is built on the typewriters, including typewriters withcarriage-platen block'movable in relation to the rack, or typewriters with platen movable in relation. to the carriage-rack block.

I claim:v

1..,An end-of-line justifying typewriter having a frame,

a relative-sliding" system including a reference part movable on the frame in steps of one normal character spacing and which reference-part must be constantly recalled toward'the left to move stepwise'i'n that direction, a part relatively mobile on said reference-part, a'justifier havinga first element integral with the reference-part, a second element integral with said Jrelatively mobile part, a member longitudinally adjustable o'n the'frame, a justifying member'carried by'one of sa'i'd'elements and actuated by'said member during the typing of'aline' terminal portion, said justifying.nieinbei needing to be constantiy'recalle'd' toward the rest'position'whichit' occupies during the phases of normal typing preceding the justifications, a main spring, and a single, common drawcable actuated by the main spring and connected to the justifying member for effecting the two necessary recalling actions.

2. An end-of-line' justifying typewriter as claimed in claim 1, and including a roller for guiding the drawcable, said roller being provided on one of the two elements of the justifier and being operative to change the direction and plane of action of the cable, said cable being connected to the said justifying member to recall it towards its rest position by a direct action and to simultaneously recall the reference part of the relativesliding system toward the left by means of the reactions of said justifying member and roller on their respective carrying elements.

3. An end-of-line justifying typewriter as claimed in claim 1, including means for locking together the two parts of the relative-sliding system when the typewriter is used for effecting non-justified work.

4. An end-of-line justifying typewriter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the draw-cable is guided by rollers mounted on the relatively mobile part of the machine to change the cable direction and height of the plane of action of the cable, and said draw-cable connects to the justifying member.

5. An end-of-line justifying typewriter as claimed in claim 1, including means for locking together the two elements of the justifier which are respectively integral with the two parts of the relative-sliding system when the typewriter is used for effecting non-justified work.

6. An end-of-line justifying typewriter having a frame, a relative-sliding system including a reference-part movable on the frame in steps of one normal character spacing and which must be constantly recalled toward the left to move step-wise in that direction, "a part relatively mobile on said reference part, a justifier having a first element integral with the reference-part, a second element integral with said relatively mobile part, a justifying member in the form of a lever pivoted on one of the two elements of the justifier, a longitudinal guide on the frame, a slider adjustable on the guide, an actuating stop carried by the slider and causing said lever to rotate and move the second element of the justifier with respect to the said first element during the typing of a terminal portion of a line, said justifying member needing to be constantly recalled toward the rest position which it occupies during the phases of normal typing'preceding the justifications, a main spring, a single and common drawcable actuated by the main spring'a'nd connected to the justifying member for effecting the necessary recalling actions, and a'roller on one of the two elements of the justifier by which the draw-cable is guided, said drawcable being connected to the justifying member in a manner to recall the justifying member to rest position by a direct action and to simultaneously recall the referencepart toward the left.

7. An end-of-line justifying typewriter as claimed in claim 6, wherein the roller is provided with two radial pins spaced from one another along the axis of the roller, the draw-cable passing around each of the pins and being helically wound around the part of the roller located between the pins to effect the required change of plane.

8. An end-of-line justifying typewriter as claimed in claim 6, wherein the roller is cylindrical and the drawcable makes as many turns about the 'roller as are required to efiect the change of plane needed.

9. An end-of-line justifying typewriter as claimed in claim 6, wherein a sector member is secured to the justifying lever and the draw-cable extending from the roller is attached to said sector member."

10. An end-of-line justifying typewriter having a relative-sliding system including a reference part in the form of a rack, a carriage on'the rack alnd mobile in relation thereto, a' justifier having a'pivoted lever and'havinga slider integral with the rack and fitted with a rest stop 17 for the said lever, a stop member adjustable parallel to the rack for actuating the justifying lever, the justifier having a plate integral with the carriage and provided with longitudinal guiding means for the slider, said slider being provided at its lower face with an idle roller for a draw-cable, a draw-cable extending thereover, a grooved sector secured to the end of the pivot of the justifying lever and connected to said draw-cable, the lever being grooved, and a pin engaged in the groove of the lever and adjustable on the plate for connecting said slider and plate.

11. An end-of-line justifying typewriter having a frame, a relative-sliding system including a reference part movable on the frame in steps of one normal character spacing and which must be constantly recalled toward the left to move stepwise in that direction, a part relatively mobile on said reference-part, a justifier having a first element integral with the reference part, a second element integral with said relatively mobile part, a justifying member consisting of a contact arm carried by one of the two elements of the justifier, said arm being mounted to slide transversely thereon, an inclined element for actuating said contact arm in a manner to move the second element of the justifier with respect to the first element during the typing of the terminal portion of a line, said justifying member needing to be constantly recalled toward the rest position which it occupies during the phases of normal typing preceding the justifications, a main spring, a single and common draw-cable actuated by the main spring and connected to the justifying member for effecting the two necessary recalling actions, and a roller on one of the two elements of the justifier by which the drawcable is guided, said draw-cable being connected to the justifying member in a manner to recall the justifying member to rest position by a direct action and to simultaneously recall the reference part toward the left.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

